Yearbook 2011
Nepal. According to Countryaah official site, the UN organization UNMIN, which was formed in 2007 to oversee the peace process after the Nepal civil war for a year, was dissolved by the Security Council in January. After prolonging UNMIN’s mandate several times, the UN tired of the Nepali politicians failing to implement all the points of the peace agreement, the most important of which is that the Maoist guerrillas 19,000 soldiers should be included in the national defense forces. This could not have happened because the army leadership and the important Congress party did not want to see any Maoists in the army. Visit ABBREVIATIONFINDER for the acronym of NPL that stands for the country of Nepal.
A week later, the Maoists formally gave up the responsibility for their soldiers, who were, however, allowed to remain in their posts where they were locked up for four years, waiting for a parliamentary committee to resolve their future.
In February, Parliament succeeded in electing a new prime minister, Jhalanath Khanal from the left-wing United Marxist Leninists. For more than seven months, Nepal had lived with an expedition minister since the previous government fell on its inability to enforce the new constitution provided for by the peace treaty. By May 28, the constitution would be ready after the deadline was extended by one year in 2010, but at the last moment, MPs gave themselves another three-month deadline.
But even now the politicians failed to agree on the wording, which caused Khanal to resign in August. This time, however, they managed to agree more quickly on a new prime minister. After only two weeks, the Maoist Party’s Vice-President Baburam Bhattarai received enough support to form a new government.
After Bhattarai’s accession, Parliament gave itself a “last” three-month deadline to write the new constitution that has always been the constituent assembly’s most important task. A first success was noted in early November, when a large majority of members agreed on a plan for the 19,000 Maoist soldiers. According to the settlement, one third of them will be integrated into the defense, the others will receive financial compensation. Their weapons are handed over to the state, a peace and reconciliation commission would be formed within a month and all land areas that the Maoist guerrillas confiscated should be returned to their previous owners.
Meanwhile, the country’s first census of 20 years began. For the first time, the residents were not limited to identifying themselves as women or men. By a decision of the Supreme Court in 2007 on the civil rights of LGBT people, a third gender was also approved.
Demography and economic geography. – Internal state of South Asia. The population, which at the 2011 census numbered 26,494,504 residents (with a density of 180.01 residents / km2), in 2014 it increased to 28,120,740 residents, according to an estimate by UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs). The country is one of the poorest in the world with a Human Development Index (HDI) of 0.540 (2013), which placed it in 147th place out of 187, albeit with a significant increase since 1980 (88.7%). Malnutrition, although diminished, is still a problem in rural areas and mountainous areas. On the other hand, greater progress was recorded in the reduction of maternal mortality (which in 2009, with a rate of 229 per 100,000 live births, was just above the value foreseen by the Millennium Development Goals) and in the decrease in the percentage of people living on less than $ 1 a day (down from 33.5% in 1990 to 19.7% in 2010 and, again, to 16.4% in 2013). The country’s critical situation was aggravated by the 7.8 magnitude earthquake that hit the Nepal on 25 April 2015, killing more than 8000 people and devastating much of its infrastructure.