Yearbook 2011
Mexico. The crime also escalated in 2011. Data in June from a representative of the Prosecutor’s Office pointed to the fact that organized drug smugglers in Mexico had at least 14,000 armed men in total. According to Countryaah official site, the efforts made by the government since 2006 do not appear to have dampened the violence; 42,000 people have since been killed in various assaults and gang settlements. Visit ABBREVIATIONFINDER for the acronym of MEX that stands for the country of Mexico.
Although the number of homicides in one of the worst-hit states, Chihuahua, in 2011 appeared to be slightly lower than the year before, homicide statistics nationally appeared to be about the same, ie. up to 12,000. The violence also spread to new regions. For example, in the state of Veracruz, which has hitherto been spared from criminal violence on a large scale, in the first nine months of the year almost 1,000 people compared to 59 the year before. Even in the already severely affected neighboring states of Coahuila and Guerrero, the number of murders increased, and the violence took on increasingly grotesque forms.
Two car bombs were detonated in September in the state of Tamaulipas, and in Guerrero about five human heads were dumped outside a school at about the same time. The worst attack occurred on August 25 when a crime syndicate set fire to a casino in the city of Monterrey, likely to threaten the owner, killing 52 people, most of them women. President Felipe Calderón announced three days of country grief.
On November 11, Interior Minister Francisco Blake Mora was killed in a helicopter crash. It was an accident at all, but in light of Blake Mora’s actions against organized crime in Mexico, there was immediate suspicion that it was an attack.
In May, a report came out highlighting crime as the single biggest problem for the country’s economy. According to the report, Mexico loses about 1% growth per year by holding back investment.
The political price of the security situation is paid primarily by President Calderón and the ruling party PAN (Partido Acción Nacional), and inevitably favors the largest opposition party PRI (Partido Revolucionario Institucional), which dominated Mexico’s policy for almost the entire 1900s. This became evident in the governor elections held during the year. In early July, PRI won overwhelming numbers of governor posts in the states of Mexico, Coahuila and Nayarit, and in November in Michoacán. For most, it meant that in the 2012 elections, PRI has great chances of winning back the presidential post, which was lost in 2000 after 80 years.
Mexico City
Mexico City, egl. just Mexico, Ciudad de México, Mexico City, the capital of Mexico and the country’s largest city. The city forms its own state, Distrito Federal, with $ 8.9 million residents (2010). The total urban area contains approximately 19.8 million (2008), just over 19% of the country’s population; Mexico City is thus among the world’s largest metropolises.
The city is located at 2200 m in the Mexico Valley in the middle of the country and is surrounded by up to 5000 m high mountains. Several are extinct volcanoes, and the area remains geologically active; large parts of the city center were destroyed by an earthquake in 1985. Since 1994, the volcano Popocatépetl has had several minor eruptions that have caused earthquakes and ashes especially on the southern outskirts of the city. The volcano is at visible distance, 60 km from the city center.
The city’s location has also given and continues to cause other problems. The Mexico Valley has no natural drain, and only with the construction of a large drainage channel in 1900 has the city avoided the previous recurring floods.
Canal construction started the development of the city. With capital from the United States, the infrastructure in and around the Mexico Valley was expanded, and from 1940 there was rapid urban development with a population growth of 7% per annum and high growth in industry and construction, among other things. skyscrapers.
In the 1960’s, the migration to the capital accounted for 60% of all migrations in the country. In particular, it was rural workers and peasants from the southern and central parts of Mexico who sought the metropolis.
With the rise of oil prices in the 1970’s, the country’s economy strengthened and the influx decreased somewhat. When the fall in oil prices in the 1980’s caused a financial crisis, many people moved back from rural poverty and the city grew by 700,000 homes a year. Movers settle in self-built slums on the outskirts of the city. In practice, the authorities have looked through the illegal outgrowth in the area.
Mexico City produces thousands of tons of waste daily. Only half are removed by the city council, while the rest are part of an informal recycling system, which is kept in operation by the poorest. The water supply is insufficient, and the water quality is poor, ia. because the sewer systems are under-sized.
Many millions Slums do not have water, and poor hygiene, especially among children, causes great morbidity. Water is gradually being extracted hundreds of km from the city and increasingly from rivers and lakes. Groundwater levels have been lowered throughout the region, and low-lying agricultural areas are experiencing increasing drought problems that could threaten the city’s food supply in the longer term.
The air pollution is almost constantly above the hazard limit. Osen from more than 4 million cars, 30,000 industrial companies and hundreds of thousands of bottled gas plants are important sources of pollution. In addition, the open burning on the huge landfills. The problems are compounded by the topography of the Mexico Valley, which frequently causes temperature inversions and thus stagnant air.
About half of Mexico’s total industrial production, transportation, trade and service activities are located in Mexico City, but the number of jobs has not been able to keep up with the move, and this has led to high and rising unemployment, widespread poverty and crime. Street trade and self-organized small production are widespread, and this so-called informal sector plays an important role.
Despite the major problems, the city attracts more than 1 million. tourists a year. It is the cultural center of the country. architecture ranging from Aztec ruins to Spanish buildings from the 1500’s and 1600’s. The Anthropological Museum holds one of the world’s best pre-Columbian collections.
Architecture and museums
At the Plaza de la Constitución lies the cathedral, the largest of the continent, founded on an Aztec temple site in 1525. Also in 1523, the Palacio Nacional was erected on ruins of a pre-Columbian culture: the Aztec ruler Motecuçoma 2.’s palace. Spanish Baroque dominated the many mansions, churches and monasteries right up to the 1800’s. and was replaced by neoclassical- style buildings, such as the Minería Palace (1797-1813) by Manuel Tolsá (1757-1816).
In the 1900’s. the city’s massive growth has been supported by architectural monuments such as the Anthropological Museum, erected in 1964 by P. Ramírez-Vázquez (b. 1919), and the University Library (1955) by Mario Pani (1911-93) with numerous facade decorations. The city’s many museums contain both older and newer collections, from the Museo San Carlos with, among other things. early Mexican art for the modern art museum Rufino Tamayo (1981).
History
Mexico City was under the name of Tenochtitlan Aztec capital when Hernán Cortés in 1521 joined the Aztec Empire and created the first Viceroy of Spanish America. The city center, called el Zócalo, is built on top of the Aztec’s original ceremonial city center. Several central districts are sinking as a result of the city’s location over a former lake system.