In 2011, Madagascar had a population of just under 22 million people. The main ethnic groups were the Merina, Betsileo, Tsimihety and Sakalava. The economy was primarily based on agriculture, with the main exports being coffee, vanilla and cloves. Tourism was also an important source of revenue for the country. Foreign relations in 2011 were largely positive with neighboring countries such as France and South Africa. The government at the time was a coalition between the Social Democratic Party (PSD) and the National Union for Democracy and Development (UNDD). This coalition focused on strengthening economic ties with other countries in the region as well as improving infrastructure within Madagascar. See mathgeneral for Madagascar in the year of 2017.
Yearbook 2011
Madagascar. After another year without a solution to Madagascar’s political stalemate, the most important political leaders in September signed an agreement to hold general elections within one year, tentatively in March 2012. 2009, had indeed promised elections several times before, but this time the turnout was broader. Visit ABBREVIATIONFINDER for the acronym of MDG that stands for the country of Madagascar.
According to Countryaah official site, the agreement, mediated by South Africa’s regional cooperation organization SADC, would also allow former President Marc Ravalomanana to return from his exile in South Africa. Earlier in the year, he had again refused to board an airplane to Antananarivo since the leadership of the country’s security forces opposed his return. The ex-president Didier Ratsiraka also returned after nine years of country escape. The agreement meant that a new unity government could be formed with the participation of parties that have so far refused to cooperate with Rajoelina.
Economy
| Inflation rate | 8.30% |
| Unemployment rate | 1.8% |
| Gross domestic product (GDP) | $ 39,850,000,000 |
| GDP growth rate | 4.20% |
| GDP per capita | 1,600 USD |
| GDP by sector | |
| Agriculture | 24.00% |
| Industry | 19.50% |
| Service | 56.40% |
| State budget | |
| Revenue | 863.3 million |
| Expenditure | 1.132 billion |
| Proportion of the population below the national poverty line | 50% |
| Distribution of household income | |
| Top 10% | 34.7 |
| Lower 10% | 2.2 |
| Industrial production growth rate | 3.70% |
| Investment volume | 40.9% of GDP |
| National debt | 36.00% of GDP |
| Foreign exchange reserves | $ 1,141,000,000 |
| Tourism | 2014 |
| Visitors | 222,000 |
| Revenue | $ 578,000,000 |
The new cooperation climate gave hope for mitigated UN sanctions. The UN’s special envoy on issues relating to everyone’s right to food, Olivier De Schutter, had raised alarms that the barriers to the public subjected the population to difficult trials. He said that more than three-quarters of residents live below the poverty line and that 35% of rural people do not have enough to eat.
The political vacuum has also caused parts of the judiciary to collapse, which has led to, among other things, extensive forestry. In an attempt to curb the illegal timber trade, the transitional authority tightened the penalty for attempts to smuggle out rosewood and ebony. The authority’s ability to put the power behind the words was unclear.