After decades of struggle, Zambia finally achieved its independence from the British on October 24th, 1964. The process of decolonization began in the late 1950s when a new generation of African nationalists emerged and started to challenge colonial rule. Kenneth Kaunda, the leader of the United National Independence Party (UNIP) was a key figure in…
Category: Africa
The African Industry
The industry in Africa is characterized by the mining of ore and the extraction of fuels. There are hardly any processing industries in Africa. This was developed in the countries to which Africa exports.
Most of the industrial centers are to be found in South Africa, shaped by the continent’s raw material deposits.
A textile and light industry as well as a building materials industry developed in the Ivory Coast region.
Other areas of the industrial sector, such as the food or consumer goods industry, are based exclusively on the local market. Fishing in inland waters and sea fishing on all coasts of Africa serve to meet our own needs.
In other African countries, production is concentrated on the manufacture of shoes, bicycles and textiles.
In some West African countries, the timber industry gained in importance. The cultivation of okume, which is a soft type of wood from which veneers are made, for example, plays an important role.
Overall, there is a lack of foreign currency in Africa in order to be able to expand industrialization across all African countries.
Services in Africa
If you want to take a closer look at the service sector in Africa, you first have to think about which services could be of particular importance for Africa. On the one hand there is the transport system, on the other hand banking, education and health care.
Inadequate transport systems represent an additional obstacle to economic development in African countries. The existing road networks consist of unpaved roads that cannot be used during the rainy season. There were also plans to expand the rail network. However, these plans failed because of natural obstacles that are difficult to overcome. In addition, difficulties arose in standardizing the gauges. In addition, some feet are not passable because of the rapids. Air traffic has been gaining in importance recently. It is used especially for freight traffic.
For more information about the continent of Africa, please check naturegnosis.com.
Fes, Morocco
The rich history of Fez, the ancient capital of Morocco, endowed it with two “old cities” at once – medinas. The royal palace, the Jewish cemetery and the Buzhelud gardens are Fes el-Jdid. The most confused medina in the world is Fes el Bali, where there are 14 gates, 6,000 streets, 200 mosques and 180…
Tours to Egypt
Egypt is the oldest civilization that originated at the source of the Nile. A place of power with the richest underwater world of the Red Sea and unique architectural structures. The mysterious legacy of the pharaohs, which has not been solved to this day, is the history of myths and deities. A bright and colorful…
Seychelles Tourist Information
Seychelles: location. Seychelles – 115 islands located in the Indian Ocean. Of the more than a hundred islands, only 30 are inhabited, of which the most popular for recreation are Denis, Mahe, Sainte-An, La Digue, Praslin and North. Seychelles: the capital. According to thesciencetutor, the capital of the islands is a small city of Victoria…
Mauritania Overview
(Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Islāmīyah al-Mūritanīya). State of Northwest Africa (1,030,700 km²). Capital: Nouakchott. Administrative division: regions (Wilaya) (13). Population: 3,161,000 residents (2008 estimate). Language: Arabic (official), French, poular, soninke, Wolof. Religion: Sunni Muslims 99.3%, Christians 0.3%, others 0.4%. Monetary unit: ouguiya (5 khoum). Human Development Index: 0.557 (140th place). Borders: Western Sahara (annexed by Morocco) (NW), Algeria…
Nigeria Literature
CULTURE: LITERATURE. ORAL PRODUCTION Nigeria is perhaps the literally richest country in Black Africa. The different ethnic groups of Nigeria all possess a rich oral literature, but three stand out in particular: the Haussa, the Yoruba and the Ibos. Hausa literature has been heavily influenced by Islam. Of the ancient oral literature there are some…
Swaziland History
A vast migratory movement from eastern Africa to central and southern Africa (the most indicate the 15th-16th centuries) brought the Nkosi-Dlamini clan, belonging to a Bantu tribe, at the beginning of the century. XIX to gather around him a group of tribes and to found a kingdom (1815) of which Sobhuza I was recognized as…
Malawi History
History The southern territory of Malawi, especially along the Shire emissary, seems to have been visited several times since 1624 by Portuguese explorers; Especially famous is the Lacerda expedition in 1798. From around 1830 onwards. the upper Zambezi and the region around Niassa were subject to the invasion of the Zulu tribes and those pushed…
The 10 smallest islands on earth
Which islands in the vast oceans are the 10 smallest islands on earth? The tiniest islands are nameless, uninhabited land masses and probably nobody has ever counted or measured them all. The trip to the 10 smallest islands in the world, which are inhabited by people or which promise a unique holiday, leads to dream…
Zimbabwe 2011
Yearbook 2011 Zimbabwe. According to Countryaah official site, the co-government between the archival rivals ZANU-PF (Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front), led by President Robert Mugabe, and MDC (Movement for Democratic Change), led by Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai, continued throughout the year but in great anguish. As speculation about impending general elections increased, so did the…
Zambia 2011
Yearbook 2011 Zambia. The general elections in September led to a change of government. In his fourth attempt, opposition leader Michael Sata, representing the Patriotic Front (PF), succeeded in being elected president. He received 42% of the votes and sitting Head of State Rupiah Banda just over 35%. In the parliamentary elections, PF increased from…
Western Sahara 2011
Yearbook 2011 Western Sahara. In December, in view of the Moroccan occupation of Western Sahara, the European Parliament decided not to extend the fisheries agreement with Morocco that granted EU fishing vessels access to the waters off the coast of Western Sahara. The agreement was also considered to be ecologically unsustainable and economically disadvantageous to…
Uganda 2011
Yearbook 2011 Uganda. According to Countryaah official site, Yoweri Museveni was re-elected in February for another five years as president. He received just over 68% of the vote. The opposition complained about a number of shortcomings and partly received support for its criticism of observers from the Commonwealth. After the election, opposition leader Kizza Besigye…
Tunisia 2011
Yearbook 2011 Tunisia. During the year, Tunisians became the guiding star for the entire Arab world when they first ousted their one-term president Zayn al-Abidin Ben Ali and then held a democratic parliamentary election. The revolt had begun around the turn of the year since an unemployed academic, Mohammed Bouazizi, had taken his life in…
Togo 2011
Yearbook 2011 Togo. According to Countryaah official site, a half-brother to the president was sentenced in September to 20 years in prison for planning a coup in 2009. Kpatcha Gnassingbé was arrested while trying to seek protection at the US embassy in Lomé, the day after soldiers stormed his home under fire. Since then he…
Tanzania 2011
Yearbook 2011 Tanzania. Virtually the entire leadership of the ruling Revolutionary Party (CCM) was replaced in April. The only one left was the President, President Jakaya Kikwete. Although the party won big in the last election in 2010, it declined significantly in terms of mandate. The record low turnout, only 42%, also indicated a fatigue…
Sudan 2011
Yearbook 2011 Sudan. According to Countryaah official site, the year was completely dominated by Sudan’s split in July, when the southern part of the country declared itself independent. It was one of the most profound political changes in Africa’s post-colonial history. Although the South Sudanese referendum on independence in January could be carried out in…
South Africa 2011
Yearbook 2011 South Africa. The government announced in February that it had decided to start a fund to create new jobs. Over the next three years, the equivalent of SEK 9 billion would be put into the fund in the hope of being able to push down unemployment, which is still a major problem despite…
Somalia 2011
Yearbook 2011 Somalia. According to Countryaah official site, Somalia suffered its most severe drought and famine disaster for many decades during the year. Only in June did the world start to take on the data seriously, but by then 135,000 Somalis had already been forced to leave their homes to seek help in neighboring countries…
Sierra Leone 2011
Yearbook 2011 Sierra Leone. The prospects for an economic upswing continued to look pretty bright in 2011. For the first time since the civil war broke out two decades ago, the cocoa cultivations went off with a profit, albeit insignificant, and tourism increased strongly. In the first half of the year alone, tourists pumped in…
Seychelles 2011
Yearbook 2011 Seychelles. In February, ten Somali pirates were sentenced to 20 years in prison by a Seychelles court. As Somalia lacks a functioning legal system, trials are being conducted against pirates in Seychelles and other East African countries. The first pirates were convicted in Seychelles in 2010. The trials abroad are a step forward…
Senegal 2011
Yearbook 2011 Senegal. The year was marked by protests against the government, partly for political reasons and partly because of the protracted electricity shortage in the country. Visit ABBREVIATIONFINDER for the acronym of SEN that stands for the country of Senegal. In June, the worst demonstrations so far under President Abdoulaye Wade’s eleven years broke out…
Sao Tome and Principe 2011
Yearbook 2011 São Tomé and Príncipe. An old dictator came back to power when São Tomé and Príncipe held presidential elections in July and August. Manuel Pinto da Costa, president 1975-191, received 52.88% of the votes in the second round after being close to victory already in the first attempt. Visit ABBREVIATIONFINDER for the acronym of…
Saint Kitts and Nevis 2011
Yearbook 2011 Saint Christopher and Nevis. In elections to the Legislative Assembly on the smaller island of Nevis in July, the ruling Nevis renewal party (NRP) was re-elected for a new term. According to Countryaah official site, the Opposition Party The Citizens’ Movement (CCM) questioned the official result and boycotted the work of the Assembly…
Rwanda 2011
Yearbook 2011 Rwanda. During the year, Rwanda was characterized by a continued deal with the past and harsh hold on those who criticize the government. So determined is the Tutsid-dominated government not to allow the genocide to be repeated that divergent political views are easily labeled as revolting. Several Western countries within the UN Human…
Republic of the Congo 2011
Yearbook 2011 Congo. A law to provide legal protection to indigenous peoples, including pygmies, came into force in February after being approved by Parliament’s two chambers at the end of 2010. According to Countryaah official site, the law, which took shape during seven years of debate, is the first in Africa to explicitly provide marginalized…
Nigeria 2011
Yearbook 2011 Nigeria. Goodluck Jonathan, who provisionally assumed the post of President Umaru Yar’Adua’s death in 2010, was elected in April for the next four years. Already in the first round he got almost 59% of the vote, against just under 32% for former military dictator Muhammadu Buhari. Another 18 candidates participated. Visit ABBREVIATIONFINDER for the…
Niger 2011
Yearbook 2011 Niger. The military junta that took power in February 2010 kept its promise to quickly return government responsibility to democratically elected leaders. In January, local and regional elections were held first and then parliamentary and presidential elections. Visit ABBREVIATIONFINDER for the acronym of NER that stands for the country of Niger. According to Countryaah…
Namibia 2011
Yearbook 2011 Namibia. In July, the government announced that oil fields estimated to contain a total of eleven billion barrels of crude oil had been found off the Namibian coast. Production was expected to start within four years and could make Namibia an equal oil producer as neighboring Angola. Visit ABBREVIATIONFINDER for the acronym of NAM…
Mozambique 2011
Yearbook 2011 Mozambique. In 2010, the government had first abolished the subsidies on food and fuel but was forced to reintroduce them after rallies that demanded more human lives and cost the Minister of Agriculture the job. In March 2011, the Government found that the subsidies could not be reconciled with the budget adopted by…
Morocco 2011
Yearbook 2011 Morocco. Tens of thousands of protesters in Rabat, Casablanca, Tangier and other cities demanded increased power for the Prime Minister and reduced corruption in the spring. Gentle protests against the concentration of power around King Muhammad VI were also heard, but the monarchy was not really questioned. Police dissolved many of the demonstrations…
Mauritius 2011
Yearbook 2011 Mauritius. In July, six new ministers in the new government who took office in 2010 resigned, among them the finance minister, as well as Deputy Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth. The ministers resigned in protest against the fact that Health Minister Maya Hanoomanjee had been forced to resign because of corruption allegations that colleagues…
Mauritania 2011
Yearbook 2011 Mauritania. From February until the end of April, students and other residents held several demonstrations in the capital Nouakchott against the government Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz. They demanded reforms and felt that President Abdel Aziz had wielded too much power. Visit ABBREVIATIONFINDER for the acronym of MRT that stands for the country of Mauritania….
Mali 2011
Yearbook 2011 Mali. According to Countryaah official site, Prime Minister Modibo Sidibé resigned in March after three and a half years in his post. No explanation was given, but it was speculated that he planned to run in the 2012 presidential election. She had previously worked as an expert in the presidential office, but also…
Malawi 2011
Yearbook 2011 Malawi. According to Countryaah official site, Malawi’s relations with the Western world deteriorated dramatically in 2011. Strong protests were heard from the outside world and the political opposition when President Bingu wa Mutharika signed a media law in January to ban publications that “adversely affect the country’s interests”. The law was widely interpreted…
Madagascar 2011
Yearbook 2011 Madagascar. After another year without a solution to Madagascar’s political stalemate, the most important political leaders in September signed an agreement to hold general elections within one year, tentatively in March 2012. 2009, had indeed promised elections several times before, but this time the turnout was broader. Visit ABBREVIATIONFINDER for the acronym of MDG…
Libya 2011
Yearbook 2011 Libya. At the start of the year, Libya was still the hard-fought dictatorship of Colonel Muammar al-Khadaffi as the country had been for over four decades – by the end of the year, a coalition of rebel forces had seized power, killed al-Khadaffi and began to try to build a democracy. Visit ABBREVIATIONFINDER for…
Liberia 2011
Yearbook 2011 Liberia. According to Countryaah official site, Liberia received positive attention in the world when the Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded two-thirds of the 2011 Peace Prize to activist Leymah Gbowee and President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. Gbowee was rewarded for pushing the warlords together with other women to sign a peace treaty in 2003, Johnson…
Lesotho 2011
Yearbook 2011 Lesotho. During the year, the legal aftermath of the 2009 assassination attempt on Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili began. Seven suspected lego nectars from Mozambique and South Africa were released from South Africa in April, where they have been arrested since shortly after the fire attack on Mosisili’s home. According to Countryaah official site,…
Kenya 2011
Yearbook 2011 Kenya. On October 16, the Kenyan army invaded neighboring Somalia with a few thousand soldiers and air support to drive the Islamist militia al-Shabab out of the border area. Earlier in the month, a disabled French woman had first been removed from her home in the tourist resort of Lamu, near the border,…