In 2011, Luxembourg had a population of 502,000 people. The economy was highly dependent on financial services, which accounted for more than 35% of the country’s GDP. Foreign relations were generally strong with neighboring countries and the European Union. Politically, Luxembourg had a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament and executive branch. The government was stable and democratic with civil liberties fully respected. In 2011, Luxembourg maintained a neutral posture in international affairs and remained largely unaffected by the Arab Spring uprisings that occurred in other parts of the world. See mathgeneral for Luxembourg in the year of 2017.
Yearbook 2011
Luxembourg. According to Countryaah official site, the government presented plans for major changes in school education from year seven. Students would have greater opportunities to choose their own courses and also to choose the language of instruction. Many protested. Teachers in French were particularly worried that many students would choose to be taught in German or English. Others worried that the resources would not be enough for popular topics. A proposal to introduce separate swimming lessons and gymnastics for girls and boys also aroused strong emotions. Visit ABBREVIATIONFINDER for the acronym of LUX that stands for the country of Luxembourg.
Luxembourg, which otherwise rarely stands out as a sports nation, took second and third place through brothers Andy and Fränk Schleck in this year’s version of the classic Tour de France cycling competition.
One of the reactors at the Ignalina nuclear power plant was closed in December in agreement with the EU. The second will be closed in 2009. The Soviet-built plant is reportedly not safe enough, although many other nuclear power plants in the EU have a correspondingly low security. The closure of Ignalina was one of the conditions for the country’s accession to the EU. Nevertheless, in January 2006, Lithuania asked for the postponement of the final closure of the plant – scheduled for 2009 – to allow more time to introduce other energy sources.
A Lithuanian who had been cooperating with the Nazis over the extermination of Jews during World War II was found guilty at trial, but was not jailed because of his advanced age. Around 200,000 Jews were killed in Lithuania during World War II.
In July 2007, the European Commission presented a report showing that female participation at management level in Lithuania is the highest within the EU. 44% of all management positions in the country are occupied by women.
The October parliamentary elections were won by the Conservative Party leader Andrius Kubilius in December took over as prime minister.
Agriculture and breeding. – The agricultural land register offers the following surface figures: arable land 123.770 ha.; forests 81.891 ha., vineyards 1548 ha.; meadows 27.355 ha.; pastures 14,202 ha. The area covered by forests represents 32% of the territory of the Grand Duchy (Italy 18%). At one time the wooded area was more extensive, reaching 101,330 ha. in 1830, but the use of wood as a melting fuel in the large iron industry had caused a notable decrease in the forest patrimony (76,320 ha. in 1875). The introduction of fossil coal has saved the forest, which is made up for more than half of oak woods, widespread mainly in the North, where they favored the tannin extraction industry. Ettelbrück (canton of Diekirch), in Echternach, in Mersch,
Agriculture is especially widespread in Gutland, given the best morphological, geological and climatic conditions. Among cereals, oats absolutely prevail (30.324 ha. In 1931 and about 400.000 q.), Followed by winter wheat (on average 9-10.000 ha. And 100-150.000 q.) And rye (6-7000 ha..; 80-90,000 quintals). Potatoes (15-16,000 ha. And on average 2 million q.) And beets (8-10,000 ha. And 2-3 million q.) Are also of considerable importance. In Gutland, especially in the south-eastern section, with its wide valleys, crops that require a considerable amount of sun thrive well; fruit growing spreads (apple, pear, plum and especially cherry trees): in the surroundings of Beaufort to the West of Echternach and of Trintange, to the West of Remich, the farmers distill a kirsch famous. An intensive industrial cultivation is that of rose bushes, which are found especially in the surroundings of Luxembourg in Strassen, Eich, Walferdange, Steinsel, Heisdorf; and then to Bofferdange (Mersch), Schieren (Diekirch), Vichten (Redange) and Frisange (Esch): the number of roses is around 2 million and gives rise to a notable export. Along the Moselle valley the vineyard thrives: its surface is 1,500 hectares; it forms the main economic source of some villages, such as Wormeldange (Grevenmacher), Wellenstein (Remich), Remerschen (Remich). The harvest shows extraordinary fluctuations from one year to the next.
Breeding is also of considerable importance, made possible by the large grassland extension (25-30,000 ha. And 1-2 million q. Of hay): the most common species are pigs (194,000) and cattle (about 100,000 in 1931 , of which half are dairy cows). The dairy industry is flourishing. Dairies add up to over 240 with a production of butter of over 2 million kg.
Communication and trade. – Given its geographical position, Luxembourg is of considerable importance from the railway point of view: the total length of the main and secondary networks is approximately 542 km., With a density of 19 km. of railways for every 100 sq. km. of surface. The administration is almost totally private. The most important railway junction is Luxembourg city, from which the lines depart radially, reaching the borders: W to Arlon (Belgium) with 19 km. up to the state border; to E. for Trier (Germany) with km. 37.4; to N. for Liege (Belgium) with km. 76.8; to S. to Thionville (France) with km. 16.7; to SW. for Longwy (France), etc. The shortest line connecting Italy with Belgium passes through the Grand Duchy, via Bern, Strasbourg, Metz, Luxembourg.
Closed to the west and east by great powers, the small grand duchy could never enjoy perfect economic independence: starting from 1842 Luxembourg belonged to the German customs union (Zollverein), for which the economic penetration of the central power was made of deeper year on year. The victory of the allies at the end of the world war broke these customs economic ties between the two states: the Luxembourg economy was drawn into the orbit of the Western powers and the Belgian-Luxembourg economic union was stipulated. In this way, a densely populated market has opened up for Luxembourg trade and through the great port of Antwerp it is possible for it to expand abroad.
Imports mainly include coal (it forms the main article of trade with Germany in terms of weight and value), followed by the products of the mechanical and textile industry, food and colonial products, while the products of the mines excel at exports. (iron) and the steel industry (crude iron, steel, Thomas slag, etc.); The products of specialized agriculture (roses) and livestock (livestock, hides, leather, etc.) are also widely used, as well as various agricultural products (cereals, potatoes, wines, food preserves) and forest products. Italy imports mainly iron and steel products from the Grand Duchy.